Role of
Livestock in Indian Economy and human health. Mixed farming. Agroclimatic zones
and livestock distribution. Socioeconomic aspects of livestock enterprise with
special reference to women.
2. Genetics and Breeding
Principle of genetics, chemical nature of DNA and RNA and their models and
functions.
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Recombinant DNA technology, transgenic animals, multiple ovulation
and embryo-transfer. Cytogenetics, immunogenetics and biochemical polymorphic
and their application in animal improvement. Gene actions. Systems and
strategies for improvement of livestock for milk, meat, wool production and
drought and poultry for eggs and meat. Breeding of animals for disease
resistance. Breeds of livestock, poultry and rabbits.
3. Nutrition
Role of
nutrition in animal health and production. Classification of feeds, Proximate
composition of feeds, feeding standards, computation of rations. Ruminant
nutrition. Concepts of total digestible nutrients and starch equivalent systems.
Significance of energy determinations. Conservation of feeds and fodder and
utilization of agro by-products. Feed supplements and additives. Nutrition
deficiencies and their management.
4. Management
Systems of
housing and management of livestock, poultry and rabbits. Farm record. Economics
of livestock, poultry and rabbit farming. Clean milk production. Veterinary
hygiene with reference to water, air and habitation. Sources of water and
standards of potable water. Purification of water. Air changes and thermal
comfort. Drainage systems and effluent disposal. Biogas.
5. Animal Production
(a)
Artificial insemination, fertility and sterility. Reproductive physiology, semen
charcteris-tics and preservation. Sterility its causes and remedies.
(b) Meat eggs and wool
production. Methods of slaughter of meat animals, meat inspection, judgement,
carcass characteristics, adulteration and its detection processing and
preservation.; Meat products, quality control and nutritive value, By-products.
Physiology of egg production, nutritive value, grading of eggs preservation and
marketing.
Types of wool, grading and
marketing.
6. Veterinary Science
(i)
Major contagious diseases affecting cattle, buffaloes, horses, sheep and goats,
pigs, poultry, rabbits and pet animals-Etiology, symptoms, pathogenicity,
diagnosis, treatment and control of major bacterial, viral, rickettsial and
parasitic infections.
(ii) Description, symptoms,
diagnosis and treatment of the following �
(a) Production diseases of milch
animals, pig and poultry.
(b) Deficiency diseases of
domestic livestock and birds.
(c) Poisonings due to
infected/contaminated foods and feeds, chemicals and drugs.
7. Principles of immunization
and vaccination Different types of immunity, antigens and antibodies.
Methods of immunization. Breakdown of immunity, Vaccines and their use in
animals.
Zoonoses, Foodborne infections
and intoxications, occupation hazards
8. (a) Poisons used for
killing animals euthanesia.
(b) Drugs used for increasing
production/performance efficiency, and their adverse effects.
(c) Drugs used to tranquilize
wild animals as well as animals in captivity.
(d) Quarantine measures in India
and abroad. Act, Rules and Regulations.
9. Dairy Science
Physicochemical and nutritional properties of milk.
Quality assessment of milk and
milk products, Common tests and legal standards. Cleaning and sanitation of
dairy equipment. Milk collections, chilling, transportation processing,
packaging, storage and distribution. Manufacture of market milk, cream butter,
cheese, ice-cream, condensed and dried milk, by products and Indian Milk
products.
Unit operations in dairy plant.
Role of micro organisam in
quality of milk and products physiology of milk secretion.
Mains
Paper-I
1. Animal Nutrition-Energy
sources, energy, metabolism and requirements for maintenance and production of
milk, meat, eggs and wool. Evaluation of feeds as sources of energy.
1.1. Trends in protein
nutrition sources of protein metabolism and synthesis, protein quantity and
quality in relation to requirements. Energy protein ratios in ration.
1.2. Minerals in animal
diet Sources, functions, requirements and their relationship of the basic
minerals nutrients including trace elements.
1.3. Vitamins, Hormones
and Growth Stimulating, substances Sources, functions, requirements and
inter-relationship with minerals.
1.4. Advances in Ruminant
Nutrition-Dairy Cattle Nutrients and their metabolism with reference to milk
production and its composition. Nutrient requirements for calves, heifers, dry
and milking cows and buffaloes. Limitations of various feeding systems.
1.5 Advances in
Non-Rumiant Nutrition-Poultry-Nutrients and their metabolism with reference to
poultry, meat and egg production, Nutrients requirements and feed formulation
and broilers at different ages.
1.6 Advances in
Non-Ruminant Nutrition-Swine-Nutrients and their metabolism with special
reference to growth and quality of meat production, Nutrient requirement and
feed formulation for baby-growing and finishing pigs.
1.7. Advances in Applied
Animal Nutrition-A critical review and evaluation of feeding experiments,
digestibility and balance studies. Feeding standards and measures of food
energy. Nutrition requirements for growth, maintenance and production. Balanced
rations.
2. Animal Physiology
2.1 Growth and Animal
Production -Prenatal and postnatal growth, maturation, growth curves,
measures of growth, factors affecting growth, conformation, body composition,
meat quality.
2.2 Milk Production and
Reproduction and Digestion Current status of hormonal control of mammary
development, milk secretion and milk ejection. Male and Female reproduction
organ, their components and function. Digestive organs and their functions.
2.3 Environmental Physiology
Physiological relations and their regulation; mechanisms of adaption,
environmental factors and regulatory mechanism involved in animal behaviour,
methods of controlling climatic stress.
2.4 Semen quality
Preservation and Artificial Insemination-Components of semen, composition of
spermatozoe, chemical and physical properties of ejaculated semen, factors
affecting semen in vivo and in vitro. Factors affecting semen production and
quality preservation, composition of diluents, sperm concentration, transport of
diluted semen. Deep Freezing techniques in cows, sheep and goats, swine and
poultry.
Detection of oestrus and time of
insemination for better conception.
3. Livestock Production and
Management
3.1. Commercial Dairy Farming-Comparison of dairy farming in India with
advanced countries. Dairying under fixed farming and as a specialised farming,
economic dairy farming, Starting of a dairy farm. Capital and land requirement,
organisation of the dairy farm.
Procurement of goods;
opportunities in dairy farming, factors determining the efficiency of dairy
animal, Herd recording, budgeting, cost of milk production; pricing policy;
Personnel Management. Developing Practical and Economic ration for dairy cattle;
supply of greens throughout the year, field and fodder requirements of Dairy
Farm, Feeding regimes for day and young stock and bulls, heifers and breeding
animals, new trends in feeding young and adult stock; Feeding records.
3.2. Commercial meat, egg and
wool production Development of practical and economic rations for sheep,
goats, pigs, rabbits and poultry. Supply of greens, fodder, feeding regimens for
young and mature stock. New trends in enhancing production and management.
Capital and land requirements and socio-economic concept.
3.3. Feeding and
management of animals under drought, flood and other natural calamities.
4. Genetics and Animal
Breeding Mitosis and Meiosis; Mendelian inheritance; deviations to
Mendelian genetics; Expression of genes; Linkage and crossing over; Sex
determination, sex influenced and sex limited characters; Blood groups and
polymorphism; Chromosome abberations; Gene and its structure; DNA as a genetic
material; Genetic code and protein synthesis; Recombinant DNA technology,
Mutations, types of mutations, methods for detecting mutations and mutation
rate.
4.1 Population Genetics
Applied to Animal Breeding Quantitative Vs. qualitative traits; Hardy
Weinberg Law; Population Vs. individual; Gene and genotypic frequency; Forces
changing gene frequency; Random drift and small populations; Theory of path
coefficient; Inbreeding, methods of estimating inbreeding coefficient, systems
of inbreeding; Effective population size; Breeding value, estimation of breeding
value, dominance and epistatic deviation; partitioning of variation; Genotype X
environment correlation and genotype X environment interaction; Role of multiple
measurements; Resemblance between relatives.
4.2. Breeding Systems
Heritability, repeatability and genetic and phenotypic correlations, their
methods of estimation and precision of estimates; Aids to selection and their
relative merits; Individual, pedigree, family and within family selection;
Progeny testing; Methods of selection; Construction of selection indices and
their uses; Comparative evaluation of genetic gains through various selection
methods; Indirect selection and Correlated response; Inbreeding, upgrading,
cross-breeding and synthesis of breeds; Crossing of inbred lines for commercial
production; Selection for general and specificcombining ability; Breeding for
threshold character.
Paper-II
1. Health and Hygiene
1.1. Histology and
Histological Techniques Stains-Chemical classification of stains used in
biological work-principles of staining tissues-mordants-progressive & regressive
stains-differential staining of cytoplasmic and connective tissue
elements-Methods of preparation and processing of tissues-celloidin
embedding-Freezing microtomy-Microscopy-Bright field microscope and electron
microscope. Cytology-structure of cell, organells & inclusions; cell
divison-cell types-Tissues and their classification-embryonic and adult
tissues-Comparative histology of organs- vascular, Nervous, digestive,
respiratory, musculo-skeletal and urogenital systems-Endocrine
glands-Integuments-sense organs.
1.2. Embryology
Embryology of vertebrates with special reference to aves and domestic
mammals-gametogenesis-fertilization-germ layers-foetal membranes &
placentation-types of placenta in domestic mammals-Teratology-twin &
twinning-organogenesis-germ layer derivatives-endodermal, mesodermal and
ectodermal derivatives.
1.3 Bovine Anatomy-Regional
Anatomy Paranasal sinuses of OX-surface anatomy of salivary glands.
Regional anatomy of infraorbital, maxillary, mandibuloalveolar, mental & coronal
nerve block-Regional anatomy of paravertebral nerves, pudental nerve, median,
ulnar & radial nerves-tibial, fibular and digital nerves-Cranial
nerves-structures involved in epidural anaesthesia-superficial lymph
nodes-surface anatomy of visceral organs of thoracic, abdominal and pelvic
cavities-comparative features of locomotor apparatus & their application in the
biomechanics of mammalian body.
1.4 Anatomy of Fowls
Musculo-skeletal system-functional anatomy in relation to respiration and
flying, digestion and egg production.
1.5 Physiology of blood
and its circulation, respiration; excretion, Endocrine glands in health and
disease.
1.5.1 Blood constituents
Properties and functions-blood cell formation-Haemoglobin synthesis and
chemistry-plasma proteins production, classification and properties; coagulation
of blood; Haemorrhagic disorders-anticoagulants-blood groups-Blood volume-Plasma
expanders-Buffer systems in blood. Biochemical tests and their significance in
disease diagnosis.
1.5.2. Circulation
Physiology of heart, cardiac cycle-heart sounds, heart beat, electrocardiograms,
Work and efficiency of heart-effect of ions on heart function-metabolism of
cardiac muscle, nervous and chemical regulation of heart, effect of temperature
and stress on heart, blood pressure and hypertension, Osmotic regulation,
arterial pulse, vasomotor regulation of circulation, shock. Coronary & pulmonary
circulation, Blood-Brain barrier-Cerebrospinal fluid-circulation in birds.
1.5.3 Respiration
Mechanism of respiration, Transport and exchange of gases-neural control of
respiration-chemoreceptors-hypoxia-respiration in birds.
1.5.4 Excretion Structure
and function of kidney-formation of urinemethods of studying renal
function-renal regulation of acid-base balance; physiological constituents of
urine-renal failure-passive venous congestion-Urinary recreation in
chicken-Sweat glands and their function. Biochemical tests for urinary
dysfunction.
1.5.5 Endocrine glands
Functional disorders, their symptoms and diagnosis. Synthesis of hormones,
mechanism and control of secretion-hormonal receptors-classification and
function.
1.6. General knowlege of
pharmacology and therapeutics of drugs Celluar level of pharmacodynamics
and pharmaco-kinetics-Drugs acting on fluids and electrolyte balance-drugs
acting on Autonomic nervous system-Modern concepts of anaesthesia and
dissociative anaesthetics-Autocoids-Antimicrobials and principles of
chemotherapy in microbial injections-use of hormones in
therapeutics-chemotherapy of parasitic infections-Drug and economic persons in
the Edible tissues of animals-chemotherapy of Neoplastic diseases.
1.7. Veterinary Hygiene with
reference to water, air and habitation Assessment of pollution of water,
air and soil-Importance of climate in animal health-effect of environment on
animal function and performance-relationship between industri-alisation and
animal agriculture-animal housing requirements for specific categories of
domestic animals viz. pregnant cows & sows, milking cows, broiler birds-stress,
strain & productivity in relation to animal habitation.
2. Animal Diseases
2.1 Pathogenesis,
symptoms, postmortum lesions, diagnosis, and control of infection diseases of
cattle, pigs and poultry, horses, sheep and goats.
2.2 Etiology, symptoms,
diagnosis, treatment of production diseases of cattle, pig and poultry.
2.3 Deficiency diseases of
domestic animals and birds.
2.4 Diagnosis and
treatment of nonspecific condition like impaction, Bloat, Diarrhoea,
Indigestion, dehydration, stroke, poisioning.
2.5 Diagnosis and
treatment of neurological disorders.
2.6 Principles and methods
of immunisation of animals against specific diseases-hard immunity-disease free
zones-zero disease concept-chemoprophylaxis.
2.7 Anaesthesia-local,
regional and general-preanaesthetic medication, Symptoms and surgical
interference in fractures and dislocation, Hernia, choking, abomassal
displacement-Caesarian operations, Rumenotomy-Castrations.
2.8 Disease investigation
techniques-Materials for laboratory investigation-Establishment Animal Health
Centres-Disease free zone.
3. Veterinary Public Health
3.1 Zoonoses
Classification, definition; role of animals and birds in prevalence and
transmission of zoonotic diseases-occupational zoonotic diseases.
3.2. Epidemiology
Principles, definition of epidemiological terms, application of epidemiological
measures in the study of diseases and disease control, Epidemiological features
of air, water and food borne infections.
3.3 Veterinary Jurisprudence
Rules and Regulations for improvement of animal quality and prevention of
animal diseases-state and control Rules for prevention of animal and animal
product borne diseases-S.P. C.A.-veterolegal cases-certificates-Materials and
Methods of collection of samples for veterolegal investigation.
4. Milk and Milk Products
Technology
4.1 Milk Technology
Organization of rural milk procurement, collection and transport of raw milk.
Quality, testing and grading raw
milk, Quality storage grades of whole milk, Skimmed milk and cream.
Processing, packaging, storing,
distributing, marketing defects and their control and nutritive properties of
the following milks Pasteurized, standardized, toned, double toned,
sterilized, homogenized, reconstituted, recombined and flavoured milks.
Preparation of cultured milks, cultures and their management, youghurt, Dahi,
Lassi and Srikhand. Preparation of flavoured and sterlized milks. Legal
standards, Sanitation requirement for clean and safe milk and for the milk plant
equipment.
4.2 Milk Products Technology
Selection of raw materials, assembling, production, processing, storing,
distributing and marketing milk products such as Butter, Ghee, Khoa, Channa,
Cheese; Condensed, evaporated, dried milk and baby food; Ice cream and Kulfi; by
products; whey products, butter milk, lactose and casein. Testing Grading,
judging milk products-BIS and Agmark specifications, legal standards, quality
control nutritive properties. Packaging, processing and operational control
Costs.
5. Meat Hygiene and Technology
5.1 Meat Hygiene
5.1.1 Ante mortem care and
management of food animals, stunning, slaughter and dressing operations;
abattoir requirements and designs; Meat inspection procedures and judgement of
carcass meat cuts-drading of carcass meat cuts-duties and functions of
Veterinarians in Wholesome meat production.
5.1.2 Hygienic methods of
handling production of meat-spoilage of meat and control measures-Post slaughter
physicochemical changes in meat and factors that influence them-quality
improvement methods-Adulteration of meat and defection-Regulatory provisions in
Meat trade and Industry.
5.2. Meat Technology
5.2.1 Physical and
chemical characteristics of meat-meat emulsions-methods of preservation of
meat-curing, canning, irradiation, packaging of meat and meat products; meat
products and formulations.
5.3. Byproducts
Slaughter house by products and their utilisation-Edible and inedible
byproducts-social and economic implications of proper utilisation of slaughter
house byproducts-Organ products for food and pharmaceuticals.
5.4. Poultry Products
Technology Chemical composition and nutritive value of poultry meat, pre
slaughter care and management. Slaughtering techniques, inspection, preservation
of poultry meat, and products. Legal and BIS standards.
Structure, composition and
nutritive value of eggs. Microbial spoilage. Preservation and maintenance.
Marketing of poultry meat, eggs and products.
5.5. Rabbit/Fur Animal farming
Care and management of rabbit meat production. Disposal and utilization of
fur and wool and recycling of waste byproducts. Grading of wool.
6. Extension Basic
philosophy, objectives, concept and principles of extension. Different Methods
adopted to educate farmers under rural conditions. Generation of technology, its
transfer and feedback. Problems of constraints in transfer of technology. Animal
husbandry programmes for rural development.