GEOLOGY
PAPER I
Section-A
(i)
General Geology
The Solar System, meteorities,
origin and interior of the earth. Radioactivity and age of earth; Volcanoes-
causes and products, volcanic belts. Earthquakes-causes, effects, earthquake
belts, seismicity of India, intensity and magnitude, seismongraphs. Island arcs,
deep sea trenches and mid-ocean ridges. Continental drift-evidences and
mechanics; seafloor spreading, plate tectonics. Isostasy, orogeny and epeirogeny.
Continents and oceans.
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(ii)
Geomorphology and Remote Sensing
Basic concepts of geomorphology.
Weathering and mass wasting. Landforms, slopes and drainage. Geomorphic cycles
and their interpretation. Morphology and its relation to structures and
lithology. Applications of geomorphology in mineral prospecting, civil
engineering,. hydrology and environmental studies. Geomorphology of Indian
subcontinent.
Aerial photographs and their
interpretation-mertis and limitations. The Electronmagnetic Spectrum. Orbiting
satellites and sensor systems. Indian Remote Sensing Sataellites. Satellites
data products. Applications of remote sensing in geology. The Geographic
Information System and its applications. Global Positioning System.
(iii)
Structural geology
Priniples of geologic mapping and
map reading, projection diagrams, stress and strain ellipsoid and stress-strain
relationships of elastic, plastic and viscous materials. Strain markers in
deformed rocks. Behaviour of minerals and rocks under deformation conditions.
Folds and faults classification and mechanics. Structural analysis of folds,
foliations, lineations, joints and faults, unconformities. Superposed
deformation. Time-relationship between crystallization and deformation.
Introduction to petrofabrics.
Section-B
(iv)
Paleontology
Species- definition and
nomenclature. Megafossils and Microfossils. Modes of preservation of fossils.
Different kinds of microfossils. Application of microfossils in correlation,
petroleum exploration, paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic studies. Morphology,
geological history and evolutionary trend in Cephalopoda, Trilobita, Brachiopoda,
Echinoidea and Anthozoa. Stratigraphic utility of Ammonoidea, Trilobita and
Graptoloidea. Evolutionary trend in Hominidae, Equidae and Proboscidae. Siwalik
fauna. Gondwana flora and its importance.
(v)
Stratigraphy and Geology of India
Classification of stratigraphic
sequences: lithostratigraphic, biostratigraphic, chro-nostratigraphic and
magnetostratigraphic and their interrelationships. Distribution and
classification of Precambrian rocks of India. Study of stratigraphic
distribution and lithology of Phanerozoic rocks of India with reference to
fauna, flora and economic importance. Major boundary problems-
Cambrian/Precambrian, Permian/Triassic, Cretaceous/Tertiary and
Pliocene/Pleistocene. Study of climatic conditions, paleogeography and igneous
activity in the Indian subcontinent in the geological past. Tectonic framework
of India. Evolution of the Himalayas.
(vi)
Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology : Hydrologic cycle and genetic
classification of water. Movement of subsruface water. Springs. Porosity,
permeability, hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity and storage coefficient,
classification of aquifers. Water-bearing characteristics of rocks. Groundwater
chemistry. Salt water intrusion. Types of wells. Drainage basin morphometry.
Exploration for groundwater. Groundwater recharge. Problems and management of
groundwater. Rainwater harvesting. Engineering properties of rocks. Geological
investigations for dams, tunnels and bridges. Rock as construction material.
Alkali-aggregate reaction. Landslides-causes, prevention and rehabilitation.
Earthquake-resistant structures.
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