PAPER II
Section
A
1. Forest Management
and Management Systems :
Objective and principles;
techniques; stand structure and dynamics, sustained yield relation; rotation,
normal forest, growing stock; regulation of yield; management of forest
(more content follows the advertisement below) A D V E R T I S E M E N T
plantations, commercial forests, forest cover monitoring. Approaches viz., (i)
site-specific planning, (ii) strategic planning, (iii) Approval, sanction and
expenditure, (iv) Monitoring (v) Reporting and governance. Details of steps
involved such as formation of Village Forest Committees, Joint Forest
Participatory Management.
2. Forest Working Plan
:
Forest planning,
evaluation and monitoring tools and approaches for integrated planning;
multipurpose development of forest resources and forest industries development;
working plans and working schemes, their role in nature conservation,
bio-diversity and other dimensions; preparation and control. Divisional Working
Plans, Annual Plan of Operations.
3. Forest Mensuration
and Remote Sensing :
Methods of measuring -
diameter, girth, height and volume of trees; form-factor; volume estimation of
stand, current anuual increment; mean annual increment. Sampling methods and
sample plots. Yield calculation; yield and stand tables, forest cover monitoring
through remote sensing; Geographic Information Systems for management and
modelling.
4. Surveying and Forest
Engineering :
Forest surveying -
different methods of surveying, maps and map reading. Basic principles of forest
engineering. Building materials and construction. Roads and Bridges; General
principles, objects, types, simple design and construction of timber bridges.
Section B
1. Forest Ecology and
Ethnobotany :
Forest ecology
-
Biotic and aboitic components,
forest eco-systems; forest community concepts; vegetation concepts, ecological
succession and climax, primary productivity, nutrient cycling and water
relations; physiology in stress environments (drought, water logging salinity
and alkalinity). Forest types in India, identification of species, composition
and associations; dendrology, taxonomic classification, principles and
establishment of herbaria and arboreta. Conservation of forest ecosystems.
Clonal parks,
Role of Ethnobotany
in Indian Systems of Medicine; Ayurveda and Unani - Introduction, nomenclature,
habitat, distribution and botanical features of medicinal and aromatic plants.
Factors affecting action and toxicity of drug plants and their chemical
constituents.
2. Forest Resources and
Utilization :
Environmenatlly sound
forest harvesting practices; logging and extraction techniques and principles,
transportation system, storage and sale; Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs)
definition and scope; gums, resins, oleoresins, fibres, oil seeds nuts, rubber,
canes, bamboos, medicinal plants, charcoal, lac and shellac, Katha and Bidi
leaves, collection; processing and disposal.
Need and importance of
wood seasoning and preservation; general principles of seasoning, air and kiln
seasoning, solar dehumidification, steam heated and electrical kilns. Composite
wood; adhesives-manufacture, properties, uses, plywood manufacture-properties,
uses, fibre boards-manufacture properties, uses; particle boards manufacture;
properties uses. Present status of composite wood industry in India in future
expansion plans. Pulp-paper and rayon; present position of supply of raw
material to industry, wood substitution, utilization of plantation wood;
problems and possibilities.
Anatomical structure of
wood, defects and abnormalities of wood, timber identification - general
principles.
3. Forest Protection &
Wildlife Biology :
Injuries to forest -
abiotic and biotic, destructive agencies, insect-pests and disease, effects of
air pollution on forests and forest die back. Susceptibility of forests to
damage, nature of damage, cause, prevention, protective measures and benefits
due to chemical and biological control. General forest protection against fire,
equipment and methods, controlled use of fire, economic and environmental costs;
timber salvage operations after natural disasters. Role of afforestation and
forest regeneration in absorption of CO2. Rotational and controlled grazing,
different methods of control against grazing and browsing animals; effect of
wild animals on forest regeneration, human impacts; encroachement, poaching,
grazing, live fencing, theft, shifting cultiation and control.
4. Forest Economics and
Legislation :
Forest economics�fundamental
principles, cost-benefit analyses; estimation of demand and supply; analysis of
trends in the national and international market and changes in production and
consumption patterns; assessment and projection of market structures; role of
private sector and co-operatives; role of corporate financing. Socio-economic
analyses of forest productivity and attitudes; valuation of forest goods and
service.
Legislation�History
of forest development; Indian Forest Policy of 1894, 1952 and 1990. National
Forest Policy, 1988 of People�s involvement, Joint Forest Management,
Involvement of women; Forestry Policies and issues related to land use, timber
and non-timber products, sustainable forest management; industrialisation
policies; institutional and structural changes. Decentralization and Forestry
Public Administration. Forest laws, necessity; general principles, Indian Forest
Act 1927; Forest Conservation Act, 1980; Wildlife Protection Act 1972 and their
amendments; Application of Indian Penal Code to Forestry. Scope and objectives
of Forest Inventory.
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